Mediterranean Diet May Not Enhance Brain Health Across All Aging Populations

The Mediterranean diet has long been celebrated for its potential health benefits, including protection against heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and certain cancers. Past research suggested that following this diet might also help prevent cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia.

However, recent research indicates that these brain health benefits may not apply universally. A new study published in Preventive Medicine Reports focused on African American seniors, a group often underrepresented in dementia research. The study found that adhering to a Mediterranean diet over eight months did not lead to measurable improvements in cognitive function, despite significant weight loss and better diet adherence.

Key Findings:

• The intervention resulted in weight loss of about 3.8 kg and reduced visceral fat.
• No significant cognitive improvements were observed after the diet period.
• Longer studies, such as the five-year PREDIMED trial, might reveal cognitive benefits.

Focus on African American Population

The study included 185 participants, predominantly non-Hispanic Black women with an average age of 66 and BMI of 37.1 kg/m². Researchers noted the importance of culturally relevant studies, given the higher risk of Alzheimer’s and related conditions in this group.

"While diet and weight loss improvements are promising, cognitive benefits may require longer durations or more substantial metabolic changes," said Dr. Rehan Aziz, emphasizing the need for extended research.

What’s Next?

Researchers suggest longer trials (three to five years) to better understand the potential cognitive benefits and investigate individual differences, including psychosocial factors like social support. They also highlight the importance of more inclusive dementia prevention studies targeting diverse populations.

Conclusion

Although this study did not find immediate cognitive improvements, the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet, particularly in weight and metabolic health, remain valuable. Longer-term research is essential to determine its full impact on brain health.

For now, adopting healthy dietary patterns continues to be a beneficial strategy for overall health and disease prevention.