Maternal Childhood Trauma Linked to Increased Preterm Birth Risk

Recent research highlighted at the American Academy of Pediatrics 2025 National Conference & Exhibition has shed light on the significant impact of maternal childhood experiences on birth outcomes. The study examined 823 mothers who gave birth to 1,285 children between 2011 and 2021, focusing on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)—traumatic events such as abuse, neglect, or household instability. The findings revealed that mothers with two or more ACEs had a preterm birth rate of 12.6%, nearly double the 6.7% rate observed in mothers with zero or one ACE.

Adverse childhood experiences are events during childhood that can have lasting effects on health, even if the individual is not directly involved in the trauma. Witnessing violence or experiencing neglect can be just as harmful as direct victimization, leading to increased risks during pregnancy.

Dr. Molly Easterlin, a neonatologist and researcher involved in the study, emphasized the broader implications of these findings. She noted that ACEs can have intergenerational effects, influencing birth outcomes and raising the need for early intervention. The research underscores the importance of screening for childhood trauma in obstetric care, which can help healthcare providers tailor support and identify families who may benefit from additional social and medical assistance.

Further analysis showed that specific traumas, such as physical abuse, emotional abuse, and exposure to parental violence, were associated with a higher likelihood of preterm delivery. These insights advocate for integrating ACEs assessments into routine obstetric evaluations to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

The study emphasizes the importance of public health policies and clinical practices aimed at addressing childhood trauma, breaking the cycle of adversity, and promoting healthier pregnancies and births.