Long-Term Psychological and Physical Effects of Meningococcal Disease in Adolescents Revealed by Recent Study

A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Adelaide has uncovered significant long-term impacts of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) on adolescent survivors. The research, led by Professor Helen Marshall AM, examined 41 individuals who had battled meningococcal disease between two and ten years prior, assessing their neurocognitive function, psychological health, and overall quality of life. The findings, published in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, indicate that nearly 60% of these survivors experience ongoing psychological conditions, including alcohol dependence and PTSD, compared to 31% in a control group.

The study focused on participants aged 15 to 24 during their initial illness, comparing their health outcomes with those of 51 healthy peers. While general intelligence scores and overall quality of life appeared unaffected, subtle impairments were observed in specific cognitive domains, notably mathematical reasoning. About 15% of cases exhibited ongoing physical issues such as seizures, motor impairments, and hearing or mobility problems.

The research highlights that IMD can have a profound impact beyond physical health, affecting mental health and daily functioning. Survivors reported greater difficulties with energy, motivation, mobility, and emotional well-being. This underscores the importance of comprehensive post-discharge care that includes psychological support and social services, aiming to assist survivors with educational and vocational reintegration.

Professor Marshall emphasized the need for ongoing support systems to address these long-term effects, advocating for coordinated efforts involving social workers, healthcare providers, and educational institutions. The study also indicates that disruptions in education due to illness could influence specific cognitive skills, such as mathematics, highlighting areas where targeted interventions might help.

With over 136 cases of IMD reported in Australia in 2024, including 29 in South Australia, the findings are crucial for public health strategies focused on survivor care and disease prevention. This research offers valuable insights into the extended effects of meningococcal disease, emphasizing the importance of holistic recovery programs for affected adolescents.