Light Physical Activity May Slow Cognitive Decline in Those at Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

Recent research from the University of California, San Diego, and Wake Forest University indicates that even mild forms of exercise—ranging from low to moderate-high intensity—can play a significant role in mitigating cognitive decline among older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. The studies, published in the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia, highlight the potential of regular physical activity as a safe, accessible strategy to support brain health.

The research centered around the EXERT study, a multi-site clinical trial involving sedentary adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a common precursor to Alzheimer's). Participants were assigned to different exercise programs, including low and moderate-high intensity routines, with sessions conducted three to four times weekly over 12 months under supervision. The findings revealed that cognitive functions in participants remained stable throughout the year in both exercise groups, contrasting with typical decline seen in similar populations.

Moreover, those engaged in the exercise regimens experienced less brain volume loss, notably in areas like the prefrontal cortex, which is critical for higher cognitive functions. These results suggest that physical activity, even at light levels, can potentially slow the progression of cognitive decline.

The significance of these findings is underscored by the high risk associated with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, as about 16% of individuals with this condition convert to Alzheimer’s annually. Dr. Aladdin Shadyab, one of the lead researchers, emphasized that early intervention is crucial since these individuals have not yet developed dementia but are highly vulnerable.

This research fills a vital gap, as previous studies on exercise and cognitive health produced mixed results. The integration of community-based partnerships, such as with the YMCA, in the EXERT study brings us closer to implementing practical, scalable interventions for at-risk populations.

Led by experts from UC San Diego’s Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, the trial involved nearly 300 adults, with assessments of mental function and brain integrity before and after the intervention. The outcomes suggest that both lower and higher intensity exercises can be effective, challenging the notion that only vigorous activity might confer benefits.

Overall, these studies propose that regular, moderate activity may be a promising and feasible approach to supporting brain health and potentially delaying the onset of Alzheimer's symptoms. As researchers continue to explore the full potential of physical activity, this evidence encourages individuals at risk for cognitive decline to incorporate even light exercise into their routines, contributing to better long-term cognitive outcomes.