Innovative Light-Based Technique Targets and Eliminates Cancer Cells

A groundbreaking study by researchers at Northeastern University has introduced a novel method to selectively target and destroy two highly aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers: melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Traditionally, these cancers are difficult to treat because they lack specific receptors that common therapies target. However, the new approach employs a light-sensitive drug attached to a protein called MTf, which is abundant in these cancer types.

The method uses near-infrared light to activate the drug, which is precisely delivered to cancer cells via an antibody linked to the protein. This targeted activation causes the cancer cells to die while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This strategy not only enhances treatment efficacy but also reduces common chemotherapy side effects such as hair loss, nausea, and fatigue.

The core innovation involves utilizing a SNAP-tag protein to connect the antibody and the light-sensitive drug, creating a stable, single-drug delivery system. Unlike traditional multi-drug therapies, this technique simplifies treatment and improves accuracy, potentially leading to more effective and less toxic cancer therapies.

Triple-negative breast cancer is known for its lack of three hormone receptors, making it less responsive to conventional treatments like hormone therapy, thus relying heavily on surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy can cause significant adverse effects. The new light-activated drug system offers a promising alternative: when exposed to near-infrared light, the drug triggers the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to tumor cell death without extensive toxicity.

This approach represents a significant advance in precision medicine, allowing clinicians to activate cancer-killing agents directly at the tumor site. The research has been published in the journal Cancer Medicine and exemplifies how photoimmunotherapy can be employed to develop targeted, minimally invasive cancer treatments. The method holds promise for broad application across various cancers that overexpress specific proteins like MTf.

For more details, the study is available here. Source: Northeastern University (https://news.northeastern.edu/)