'Kissing bug' disease is now endemic in the South

Chagas disease, commonly referred to as 'kissing bug' disease, has recently become endemic in the southern United States. According to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), these insects, which transmit the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, are now established in 32 states nationwide. This spread marks a significant shift, as the disease was traditionally prevalent in rural regions of Mexico and South America and can pose serious health risks.

Kissing bugs usually bite humans during sleep, often near the face. After biting, they tend to defecate close to the wound, and the parasite infects the host when contaminated feces are rubbed into the eyes, nose, or mouth. An estimated 280,000 Americans carry the infection, many of whom are unaware.

The disease can manifest with mild symptoms such as fever, body aches, rashes, loss of appetite, and swelling around the eyes. However, in about 20% to 30% of cases, the infection leads to severe and chronic health issues, including digestive disorders and heart problems like heart failure or even sudden death. The CDC emphasizes that, unlike mosquitoes, there are limited control programs targeting kissing bugs despite their potential to cause life-threatening illness.

Transmission can also occur from mother to child during pregnancy or through breastfeeding, making early detection crucial. Although there is currently no vaccine, maintaining preventive measures can reduce risk. These include sealing cracks around windows and doors, installing screens, eliminating brush and debris near homes, and keeping pets indoors, especially at night.

Individuals showing symptoms after outdoor exposure should seek medical help promptly, as early diagnosis and treatment are essential for preventing serious complications.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-bug-disease-endemic-south.html