New Research Reveals Intestinal Surface Cells Use Pulling Forces to Remove Weak Neighbors

Recent scientific discoveries have challenged traditional views on how cells in our intestines are renewed. Previously, it was believed that these cells pushed each other out as they age and deteriorate, similar to objects on a conveyor belt. However, studies published in the journal Science demonstrate a different mechanism: intestinal surface cells actually pull on each other, creating tension that determines which cells are weak and need to be extruded. This pulling, akin to a game of tug of war, is essential for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Researchers from the Hubrecht Institute and AMOLF used intestinal organoids—lab-grown miniature intestines—to observe these forces directly. They found that cells unable to generate sufficient tension are rapidly removed, preventing potential issues like barrier failure or inflammation. This insight also sheds light on intestinal diseases such as congenital tufting enteropathy, where cells exert abnormal pulling forces, leading to damage. The findings open new avenues for understanding how cellular mechanics influence intestinal health and disease, with potential implications for other organs as well.