Insufficient Daily Fluid Intake Elevates Stress Hormone Levels in Adults
New research reveals that drinking less than the recommended daily fluids increases cortisol levels, heightening stress and health risks. Proper hydration supports stress management and long-term well-being.
Recent research from Liverpool, UK, suggests that consuming less than the recommended amount of daily fluids may lead to increased levels of cortisol, a primary stress hormone. This finding highlights potential health risks associated with poor hydration, such as heightened susceptibility to heart disease, diabetes, and depression.
The study, published in the
Journal of Applied Physiology on August 22, 2025, examined healthy young adults by dividing them into groups based on their typical fluid consumption. The 'low fluid' group drank less than 1.5 liters daily, equating to about seven cups of tea, while the 'high fluid' group consistently met the advised daily intake of 2 liters for women and 2.5 liters for men. Over a week, hydration status was monitored through blood and urine tests.
Participants then underwent the Trier Social Stress Test, a standard procedure to evoke psychological stress, which involves mock interviews and mental arithmetic tasks. Although both groups experienced similar levels of anxiety and cardiovascular responses during the test, the low fluid intake group exhibited a significantly higher increase in saliva cortisol levels, indicating a heightened stress response. Interestingly, this group’s urine was darker and more concentrated, indicative of dehydration, despite not feeling thirstier.
The research underscores the vital link between hydration and stress regulation. When dehydrated, the body releases vasopressin, a hormone that promotes water retention but also influences cortisol release in the brain's hypothalamus, thereby exacerbating stress responses. Prolonged vasopressin activity and cortisol elevation can contribute to long-term health issues.
Dr. Daniel Kashi from the study states, "Maintaining proper hydration helps your body manage stress more effectively. Monitoring urine color can be a simple way to gauge hydration levels." Following current guidelines—around 2 liters of water daily for women and 2.5 liters for men—may be beneficial not just for overall health but also for stress management.
In conclusion, adequate fluid intake is essential for maintaining optimal stress responses and reducing long-term health risks. Staying well-hydrated supports the body's natural ability to cope with stress and may prevent the development of associated health problems.
Source: MedicalXpress
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