Innovative Pulse Rate Measurement Predicts Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Recent research from Mass General Brigham has uncovered a novel way to assess heart health that may predict future cognitive decline in the elderly. By analyzing the complexity of pulse rates obtained through wearable pulse oximetry devices, scientists have identified a significant link between heart rate variability and cognitive aging. Unlike traditional measures, this new approach captures the nuanced adaptability of the heart, which is indicative of overall physiological health.

Healthy hearts exhibit a dynamic variability in their beats, adjusting subtly to internal and external stimuli. Using data from 503 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, researchers examined overnight pulse measurements collected via the Itamar WatchPAT 300 device, alongside comprehensive cognitive assessments both at the time of measurement and during annual follow-ups over 4.5 years. The findings demonstrated that individuals with higher baseline pulse rate complexity experienced a slower progression of cognitive decline.

Remarkably, standard heart rate variability metrics did not predict this outcome, highlighting the superior sensitivity of pulse rate complexity as an indicator of future cognitive health. The study suggests that this non-invasive measure could be instrumental in early detection of those at risk of dementia, allowing for timely interventions.

According to senior author Peng Li, Ph.D., the heart's ability to balance spontaneity with stability reflects its health status. Lead researcher Chenlu Gao, Ph.D., emphasized the potential for this approach to deepen understanding of the interplay between heart function and cognitive aging, paving the way for innovative preventative strategies.

Published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, this research underscores the importance of heart adaptability as a marker of health and highlights its promise for clinical application in aging populations.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-pulse-faster-cognitive-decline-older.html