Indoor Wood Burners May Contribute to Decline in Lung Health

Recent research presented at the European Respiratory Society Congress in Amsterdam highlights a concerning link between the use of indoor wood-burning stoves and a decline in lung function. The study, led by Dr. Laura Horsfall from University College London, reveals that households using solid fuel for heating, such as wood, experience faster deterioration in respiratory health despite generally being healthier and less likely to smoke.

The investigation utilized data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, examining self-reported use of solid fuels and measuring lung health through FEV₁, an indicator of lung airflow capacity. Results showed that individuals using solid fuel experienced a more rapid decline in lung function over an eight-year period compared to non-users, pointing to the harmful effects of particulate matter emitted from these stoves.

This pollution contains known carcinogens and causes inflammation similar to cigarette smoke, which can damage respiratory tissues. Interestingly, those using solid fuels often had lower baseline rates of smoking and lung disease, meaning the actual impact on lung health might be underestimated.

The rise in domestic wood burning is driven by factors like high fossil fuel prices and marketing of wood as a renewable energy source. In the UK, emissions from household wood burning have nearly doubled since 2009, now accounting for around 20% of fine particulate matter pollution, a significant contributor to air pollution. Despite newer, eco-designed stoves being marketed as cleaner, many older models are still in use, posing ongoing health risks.

Experts emphasize the importance of increased awareness and regulation. As Professor Ane Johannessen from Norway states, the potential health dangers associated with domestic wood burning should not be overlooked, especially as it is linked to respiratory conditions like COPD, asthma, and lung cancer. Healthcare providers are encouraged to inquire about patients’ use of wood stoves and discuss potential risks.

Overall, this research underscores the need for stricter public health policies, better monitoring, and public education about the risks associated with indoor wood burning. Protecting respiratory health requires addressing this emerging environmental hazard.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-indoor-wood-burners-linked-decline.html