Identified Gaps in Influenza Treatment for High-Risk Adults Across Multiple States

A recent multi-state study highlights significant gaps in the timely administration of antiviral treatment among high-risk adults diagnosed with influenza in emergency and urgent care settings. The research indicates that only slightly more than half of these patients received antiviral prescriptions during their visits, and of those prescribed, only 80% actually filled their prescriptions. This delay or lack of treatment could elevate the risk of severe flu-related complications, especially in older adults and individuals with underlying health conditions.

The study, published in Clinical Infectious Diseases, analyzed prescribing patterns of influenza antivirals across five states—California, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin—using electronic health record data from 94 urgent care facilities and 142 emergency departments via the CDC's VISION Network. Despite the availability of effective antiviral medications, many high-risk adults, particularly those aged 65 and older, are not receiving prompt treatment, which is crucial for reducing severe outcomes.

High-risk groups include individuals with cardiovascular or renal diseases, weakened immune systems, or those over 70 years of age. These populations are more susceptible to complications such as influenza encephalitis, a serious brain infection that can cause inflammation and long-term health issues. Interestingly, the study found no significant disparities in antiviral prescribing practices based on race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

Expert commentary emphasizes the importance of early treatment. Dr. Shaun Grannis of the Regenstrief Institute explained that antivirals are most effective when administered within 48 hours of symptom onset, contrasting with the fact that many patients seek medical care after this window, thus reducing treatment efficacy. The study also observed that patients undergoing rapid flu testing in emergency and urgent care settings are more likely to receive antivirals, given that these tests deliver results in 5 to 10 minutes, enabling prompt treatment.

However, concerns about drug interactions, especially among high-risk patients on multiple medications, often deter providers from prescribing antivirals. To address these issues, the study suggests integrating clinical decision support tools into electronic health records, which could assist healthcare providers in identifying high-risk patients and ensuring timely antiviral treatment.

By improving prompt treatment initiation, healthcare systems can better reduce the burden of severe influenza complications among vulnerable populations. The findings underscore the need for enhanced awareness, rapid testing, and decision support to close the current gaps in flu care for high-risk adults.