Elevated Homocysteine Levels Linked to Aortic Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk

Recent research from Graz University of Technology has unveiled a significant connection between high levels of the amino acid homocysteine in the blood and increased stiffness of the aorta, the body's largest blood vessel. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide, with Europe experiencing over 40% of deaths attributed to these conditions. Traditionally, risk factors like high cholesterol and hypertension have been the main focus, but this new study highlights the role of homocysteine as an independent contributor to vascular health.

The scientists conducted experiments on animal models to investigate how elevated homocysteine influences the aorta's mechanical properties. They found that excess homocysteine causes the aorta to become less elastic and stiffer, impairing its ability to expand and contract effectively with each heartbeat. This phenomenon was observed even in the absence of high cholesterol levels, emphasizing that homocysteine could be a standalone factor in the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.

The aorta's elasticity is crucial for maintaining healthy blood flow and blood pressure regulation. When it loses flexibility, it increases the workload on the heart and can lead to various cardiovascular complications. "Many cardiovascular ailments originate from aortic dysfunction," explains Gerhard A. Holzapfel of TU Graz. The study also notes that factors like aging, a high-fat diet, and lack of exercise can elevate homocysteine levels, further increasing cardiovascular risk.

Homocysteine is produced during the metabolism of methionine, an amino acid found in many proteins. Normally, the body breaks down homocysteine efficiently, but when accumulation occurs—common in older adults—it can have detrimental effects on blood vessels. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of heart disease mechanisms beyond cholesterol-based theories, highlighting the importance of managing homocysteine levels for vascular health.

The research underscores the potential for new therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing homocysteine concentrations, which may help prevent or mitigate aortic stiffness and related cardiovascular conditions.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-elevated-homocysteine-stiffens-aorta.html