Higher Overdose Death Rates Among Men Linked to Alcohol and Drug Co-Use

Recent research from West Virginia University highlights a significant factor contributing to the higher mortality rate among men due to overdose: the concurrent use of alcohol and drugs, especially fentanyl and other illicit substances. Despite similar usage rates of illicit drugs between men and women nationally and in West Virginia, men are two to three times more likely to succumb to overdose. Experts suggest that this disparity stems partly from men’s tendencies to consume greater quantities of alcohol while under the influence of drugs, which can dangerously amplify the effects of opioids.

The study emphasizes that alcohol and opioids both depress respiratory function, and their combined use increases the risk of respiratory depression, leading to fatal overdoses. This synergy underscores the importance of awareness that mixing these substances can be more lethal than either alone.

Led by Zheng Dai, assistant director of health analytics at WVU, the study examined forensic data in collaboration with the West Virginia Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. The findings show opioids, mainly fentanyl, were present in 85% of overdose deaths involving multiple substances. The analysis revealed that males tend to have higher concentrations of these substances in their blood, possibly due to physiological or dosing differences, which further increases their vulnerability.

The research also observed an increase in alcohol involvement in overdose deaths among women during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting a potentially rising risk for females in the future. Dai notes that risky behaviors such as using substances without a responsible bystander or naloxone access significantly contribute to overdose deaths, with men engaging more frequently in such risk-taking.

Overall, the findings highlight that alcohol plays a critical role in overdose fatalities and should be a key focus in prevention strategies. Educating the public on the dangers of mixing alcohol with opioids could help reduce these tragic outcomes. With West Virginia experiencing the highest overdose death rates per capita in the U.S., this research provides valuable insights into addressing the ongoing epidemic.