Understanding the Health Risks for Workers in Engineered Stone Fabrication Shops

Engineered stone countertops have become increasingly popular, often mistaken for natural stone like marble or granite because of their similar appearance. Originating in Italy during the 1970s, these durable and customizable surfaces saw a boom in the United States between 2010 and 2018, with imports soaring by 800%. Experts project that global demand will continue to grow annually, reaching nearly 97 million square meters by 2028.

Despite their aesthetic appeal and versatility, engineered stone poses significant health hazards for those involved in its fabrication. The material is composed of over 90% crystalline silica, mainly quartz, which is crushed, combined with resins, and then compressed into slabs. During cutting and shaping processes, fine dust containing respirable crystalline silica is released. Inhalation of these tiny particles can lead to serious respiratory issues, including lung inflammation and silicosis, an incurable lung disease.

Research conducted by scientists at Georgia Tech highlights that not just the workers directly handling the material but also other personnel in the fabrication shops are at risk of exposure. The study, published in the Annals of Work Exposures and Health, assessed exposure levels across different worker groups and emphasized the high toxicity of the dust generated.

Engineered stone’s higher silica content compared to natural stone dramatically increases health risks. While natural stones like granite contain around 40% silica, engineered stones can contain more than 90%, making inhalation of dust during fabrication particularly dangerous. The inhaled silica particles can cause lung inflammation and may lead to acute silicosis, a life-threatening condition.

To mitigate risks, the research advocates for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), including respirators such as N95 masks for all workers, with more advanced respirators for those with higher exposure levels. However, PPE must be part of a broader safety strategy that includes continuous air quality monitoring and comprehensive training for workers on exposure risks.

The safety of workers also depends on employers’ commitment to hazard control and proper practices in the workplace. Many shops are small businesses where workers perform multiple roles, increasing their exposure. It is crucial to ensure that all personnel, including contract and temporary workers, understand the hazards involved.

Personal stories, like that of Houlroyd, a safety professional at Georgia Tech, underscore the importance of workplace safety. Her father’s death from brain cancer tied to occupational exposure motivates her to advocate for safer practices. Public awareness is also vital; consumers can help by choosing safer countertop materials and supporting regulations that reduce exposure risks.

Looking internationally, Australia has taken decisive action by banning the import and fabrication of engineered stone until safer manufacturing methods are proven. The United States is encouraged to adopt similar measures to protect workers from preventable health conditions linked to crystalline silica exposure.

Overall, the evidence calls for stricter regulations and safer alternatives to engineered stone to prevent the continued rise of silicosis cases and other related health issues. Protecting workers requires a multifaceted approach involving regulation, education, and a shift toward safer materials.

source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-scientists-hazards-stone-fabrication-workers.html