Genetic Differences in Veterans with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Uncovered by Large-Scale Study

A comprehensive genomic analysis involving over 5,000 U.S. veterans has shed light on the distinct genetic patterns present in metastatic prostate cancer across different racial groups. Conducted by researchers from the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, UCLA, and the VA National Precision Oncology Program, this study is the largest of its kind focusing on non-Hispanic Black men with metastatic prostate cancer. The investigation revealed notable tumor biology differences: non-Hispanic Black veterans exhibited higher rates of immune therapy targets, such as microsatellite instability, while non-Hispanic white veterans frequently showed alterations in androgen receptor signaling and DNA repair pathways. Importantly, despite these biological variations, survival outcomes remained similar when patients had equal access to care within the VA healthcare system.

Published in JAMA Network Open, the study analyzed genomic data collected through next-generation sequencing from patients between 2019 and 2023. Lead researchers highlighted the role of precision medicine, emphasizing that genomic testing enables tailored treatment strategies based on tumor biology rather than race. Dr. Kosj Yamoah, senior author from Moffitt, stated that these findings affirm the potential of genomics to promote equitable cancer treatment. Additionally, the study found that mutations in tumor suppressor genes correlated with poorer survival, but no biomarkers were excluded for specific racial groups.

The research notably included a diverse cohort, with 36% non-Hispanic Black participants, underscoring the importance of inclusive studies for understanding prostate cancer across populations. Experts stressed the necessity of expanding access to genomic testing and ensuring underrepresented groups are involved in clinical trials. Co-senior author Dr. Kara Maxwell emphasized that removing barriers and applying precision medicine equitably can significantly improve outcomes for all patients.

This study underscores the importance of genomic insights in advancing personalized therapies and reducing disparities in prostate cancer care.