Gene 'Switches' Can Be Edited to Modulate Inflammation, Paving the Way for New Therapies

Recent advancements in gene editing technology are opening new horizons in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Researchers at the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute have demonstrated that it is possible to precisely manipulate the epigenetic marks—specifically DNA methylation—of key immune-related genes using CRISPR-based tools. Their focus was on the IL1RN gene, a critical regulator in the inflammatory response. By editing the methylation status of IL1RN, scientists successfully toggled the gene's activity in human leukemia cells, influencing how these cells respond to external stimuli.

This ability to control gene activity through epigenome editing could revolutionize therapies for conditions characterized by abnormal inflammation. In their study, led by Dr. Gemma Valcárcel and collaborative efforts from Dr. Esteban Ballestar's team, the researchers showed that modifying IL1RN's methylation affected the production of inflammatory cytokines—molecules that mediate immune responses—and impacted tumor growth in laboratory models. These findings provide compelling evidence that epigenetic modifications are not just correlates but active determinants of immune cell behavior.

The significance of this research extends beyond understanding disease mechanisms; it highlights the potential for targeted interventions that can modulate immune responses at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Such strategies may lead to innovative treatments for leukemia, autoimmune disorders, and other inflammatory conditions, offering more precise and effective options for patients. This breakthrough underscores the transformative potential of combining gene editing with epigenetics to address complex diseases.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-gene-inflammation.html