Impact of Vape Liquid Exposure in Utero on Fetal Skull Development

Recent research has revealed that exposure to certain components of vaping liquids during pregnancy can lead to notable changes in fetal skull development, even in the absence of nicotine. A study conducted on mice demonstrated that pregnant females exposed to two specific vaping-related liquids—propylene glycol and glycerol—in certain ratios experienced offspring with narrower facial features and shorter skulls. Interestingly, these effects were observed despite the liquids lacking nicotine, which is typically associated with addiction but also known to impact development.

The experiments involved exposing pregnant mice to two formulations: a 50/50 mix of propylene glycol and glycerol, and a 30/70 mix. The mice exposed to the 30/70 ratio displayed offspring with reduced cranial width and height, as well as lower body weights compared to control groups. These findings suggest that even 'safer' ratios promoted by the vaping industry may adversely affect fetal craniofacial growth.

Lead researcher James Cray from The Ohio State University emphasized that these effects mirror some physical changes seen in children with craniofacial abnormalities. The study highlights concerns over the assumption that nicotine-free vaping products are entirely safe, especially for women of reproductive age who may unknowingly be pregnant. Since early brain and skeletal development occur during these critical phases, exposure to vaping liquids—regardless of nicotine content—could have unintended consequences.

This research builds on previous findings that nicotine exposure through breast milk can cause skull and facial defects in mice, raising alarms for human health. Currently, the regulation of e-cigarettes and vaping products continues to evolve amidst legal and political debates, with growing awareness of the risks associated with these products among young adults and teens. Experts recommend further investigation into the ingredients of e-cigarette liquids and their impact on prenatal development to better inform public health policies.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-fetal-exposure-vape-liquids-linked.html