Exercise Rehabilitation Reduces Severity and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation

Recent research highlights the significant benefits of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in managing atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common form of irregular heart rhythm. A comprehensive analysis of multiple clinical trials published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine reveals that engaging in structured exercise programs can notably decrease the severity, frequency, and recurrence of AF episodes without increasing the risk of serious side effects.

Atrial fibrillation occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat irregularly and often rapidly, disrupting normal electrical signals. Symptoms commonly include palpitations, chest discomfort, fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Importantly, AF increases the risk of stroke and heart failure, with millions of new cases projected in the coming decades.

The meta-analysis examined 20 trials involving over 2,000 patients from diverse regions, with interventions lasting from eight to 24 weeks. Most programs included moderate aerobic exercise, and some incorporated resistance training, alongside educational and psychological support. The findings demonstrate that exercise rehabilitation can lead to a 39% reduction in symptom severity, a 43% decrease in AF episode frequency, and a 42% reduction in episode duration. Additionally, the risk of AF recurrence dropped by nearly one-third.

Importantly, the analysis showed no increased risk of mortality or serious adverse events related to these programs. Participants also experienced improved exercise capacity, evidenced by higher maximal oxygen intake, and enhanced mental health, although physical health-related quality of life scores did not show significant change.

While current AF treatment guidelines mainly focus on medication, ablation, and lifestyle modifications, this research suggests incorporating exercise rehabilitation could offer additional benefits. The mechanisms behind these benefits may include favorable changes in atrial structure, such as reduced stiffness and fibrosis, and psychological improvements like reduced anxiety and depression, which often exacerbate symptoms.

Despite some limitations, including small trial sizes and short follow-up periods, experts believe that tailored exercise programs are a safe, cost-effective, and accessible intervention. They emphasize that exercise should be personalized based on individual health status, comorbidities, and AF characteristics.

This updated evidence advocates for revising clinical guidelines to incorporate exercise-based rehab as a complementary strategy for AF management, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-rehab-lessen-severity-frequency-recurrence.html