Emerging Cases of Babesiosis in the Mid-Atlantic Region Highlight Need for Increased Surveillance

A recent study published in the Journal of Medical Entomology sheds light on the rising incidence of babesiosis in the Mid-Atlantic area of the United States. Traditionally considered more common in the Northeast and Upper Midwest, babesiosis, caused by the parasite Babesia microti, is now increasingly detected in states including Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, as well as the District of Columbia. The research outlines the detection of Babesia microti in local tick populations—specifically in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and newly identified Ixodes keiransi ticks, indicating that these vectors are contributing to the disease's spread.

The investigation was conducted over a span from 2009 to 2024 by a team including Dr. Ellen Stromdahl and colleagues from various health and research institutions. Their comprehensive analysis confirms the first recorded cases of locally acquired (autochthonous) human babesiosis in these jurisdictions, emphasizing that the disease is no longer confined to historical hotspots.

Key findings emphasize that both humans and ticks in the area are increasingly exposed to Babesia microti. The presence of the parasite in ticks was confirmed across multiple states, and this includes detection in Ixodes keiransi, a species now recognized as a potential vector. Moreover, many ticks were found to co-infect with other pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi—the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease—and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, complicating diagnosis and treatment.

Health authorities are urging awareness among healthcare providers and the public, especially as symptoms of babesiosis can mimic those of more common tick-borne illnesses, leading to possible misdiagnosis. Since early symptoms are often nonspecific, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment—distinct from antibiotics used for Lyme disease—are critical. The study recommends enhanced surveillance and public health efforts to monitor and prevent the spread of this emerging risk.

This research underscores the importance of increased education for medical professionals, the public, and health officials on how to recognize, diagnose, and treat babesiosis effectively to mitigate its impact on the community.

(Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-04-reveals-emerging-cases-babesiosis-mid.html)