Early Life Exposure to Dogs and Its Potential to Reduce Genetic Risk of Eczema

Recent research published in the journal Allergy suggests that early environmental exposure, particularly to household pets like dogs, may influence a child's genetic susceptibility to developing atopic eczema—a condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. While genetics play a significant role in eczema risk, environmental factors can modify this risk, either amplifying or mitigating it.

The study analyzed data from 16 European research projects, examining the interactions between 24 genetic variants associated with eczema and 18 environmental factors experienced in early childhood. The findings indicated that certain environmental exposures, including dog ownership, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, having an elder sibling, smoking in the household, and washing routines, interact with genetic factors to influence eczema development. Notably, dog exposure appeared to have a protective effect.

Further analysis involving over 254,000 individuals revealed a significant interaction between dog exposure and a specific genetic variant on chromosome 5, near the gene encoding the interleukin-7 receptor—an important protein involved in immune regulation. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that this genetic variant affects the expression of the receptor in skin cells, and exposure to dogs may modify this effect, reducing skin inflammation associated with eczema.

These insights offer a promising avenue for understanding how modifying environmental factors like pet exposure could lower eczema risk in genetically predisposed children. Dr. Sara J. Brown, the study's lead author, explained, “This research provides a molecular understanding of how early life pet exposure might shield children from eczema, offering hope for preventive strategies in the future.” While more research is necessary to confirm and expand these findings, this study marks a significant step toward personalized prevention based on genetic and environmental interactions.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-06-early-exposure-dogs-lessen-genetic.html