Disparities in Aging in Place: How Socioeconomic and Social Factors Influence Older Adults

Recent research conducted by McGill University has shed light on the social determinants impacting aging in place, emphasizing that health is only one piece of the puzzle. The study highlights significant disparities across different population groups, indicating that aging in one's community is not equally accessible for all, even within Canada’s universal healthcare system.

Aging in place refers to older adults living independently in their own homes and communities for as long as possible. While health status plays a crucial role in determining whether someone can age in place, the study points out that social factors also have a substantial impact. Senior author Amélie Quesnel-Vallée, a prominent expert in health inequalities and policy, emphasized that these disparities can result in inequities despite universal health coverage.

One surprising finding was that individuals with higher education levels are less likely to age in place. Typically, higher education correlates with increased resources and better health, but in this case, it appears to influence other factors such as family structure. The study suggests that people with more education tend to have fewer children and tend to have children later in life, which reduces the availability of family support systems necessary for aging in place. Additionally, longer life expectancy among highly educated individuals might increase their need for support in later years.

The research team reviewed data from 55 studies across North America, Europe, Australia, and the UK. They confirmed that socioeconomic resources and social connections greatly influence the likelihood of aging in place. Rural residents, racial and ethnic minorities, and immigrants were also more likely than urban, non-minority, and non-immigrant populations to age in their communities. These trends may be influenced by stronger community ties, cultural values prioritizing family caregiving, or limited access to formal care facilities.

The findings aim to inform policymakers and healthcare providers about disparities in aging in place, enabling the development of targeted programs and policies. Quesnel-Vallée mentioned that future research will focus on social inequalities within Quebec, particularly looking into disparities in admissions to long-term care facilities and avoidable hospitalizations.

As aging populations continue to grow globally, understanding and addressing these social disparities is essential for creating equitable supports that allow all older adults to live comfortably in their communities for as long as they wish.