The Potential of Cloves in Alleviating Pain and Reducing Inflammation

Cloves have long been valued both as a culinary spice and in traditional medicine. Recognized for their warm and aromatic flavor, they are commonly used in whole, ground, or as extracts and oils. Recently, scientific research has begun to explore their potential beyond flavoring, particularly their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies focus on their active component, eugenol, which exhibits multiple therapeutic effects.

Originating from the Indonesia-based Syzygium aromaticum tree, cloves contain eugenol—a compound with well-documented anesthetic and anti-inflammatory benefits. Eugenol works by blocking pain-causing chemicals such as histamine, which plays a role in immune responses and allergic reactions, and noradrenaline, a neurotransmitter involved in stress-related pain sensitivity. Additionally, eugenol inhibits prostaglandins, substances responsible for inflammation, pain, and swelling. This mechanism is similar to how common painkillers like ibuprofen operate.

Although most evidence is preliminary, there's promising animal research indicating that eugenol can improve limb function in osteoarthritis models. Its anti-inflammatory effects suggest potential benefits for joint conditions, but human clinical trials are still limited.

In dentistry, cloves have a well-established history of pain relief. Clove oil is used in dental practices to numb gums before procedures, and studies have shown it can be as effective as topical anesthetics like benzocaine. In pediatric dentistry, clove oil has demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing pain and anxiety during dental treatments. These findings are supported by reviews confirming that topical clove preparations outperform placebos and also provide antiseptic benefits.

Beyond dental applications, cloves may enhance pain management in other areas. For instance, combining clove oil with standard anesthetics has been shown to significantly reduce pain at surgical sites, such as during childbirth. Moreover, laboratory studies suggest that compounds in cloves might have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and liver-protective effects. They may also influence blood sugar regulation and insulin sensitivity, hinting at potential roles in metabolic health.

Despite these promising effects, it's essential to exercise caution. Concentrated forms like clove oil can cause adverse reactions, including skin irritation, blistering, and allergic responses. Ingesting large amounts may lead to serious side effects such as seizures, liver toxicity, and blood clotting issues, especially in individuals on anticoagulant therapy. Pregnant women and individuals with specific health conditions should consult healthcare professionals before use.

In conclusion, cloves possess notable pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties supported by scientific research. While they hold promise as natural remedies, particularly for dental and topical pain management, further studies are required to establish their efficacy and safety for broader medical applications. Nonetheless, given their long history and existing evidence, cloves remain a valuable addition to both kitchen and medicine cabinets.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-cloves-relieve-pain-inflammation.html