Link Between Bone Medications and Serious Jawbone Disease Identified

Recent research by the University of Oulu has highlighted important safety considerations regarding medications used to treat bone conditions. Specifically, certain drugs, especially when combined with corticosteroids, significantly elevate the risk of developing osteonecrosis of the jaw—a condition where the jawbone deteriorates and becomes fragile. This condition, although rare, poses serious health risks.

The study, which analyzed medical data from nearly 60,000 Finnish adult patients who started bone-related treatments between 2013 and 2015, found that the incidence of osteonecrosis was about 0.3% among those on low doses of antiresorptive (AR) drugs and increased dramatically to 9% among high-dose AR users. Antiresorptive drugs like denosumab and bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed in Finland for osteoporosis management and to prevent bone metastases in cancer patients, such as those with breast or prostate cancer.

Key findings revealed that denosumab users faced a significantly higher risk—up to five times more—of developing serious jawbone damage compared to bisphosphonate users. The risk further escalates when corticosteroids are used concurrently; in these cases, the likelihood of osteonecrosis doubles for high-dose AR patients and increases sixfold for those on low doses. Additional vulnerable groups include males and individuals diagnosed with cancer.

This pioneering population-level study underscores the importance of cautious medication management, especially for patients on multiple drugs affecting bone health. Clinicians are urged to closely monitor patients, particularly when prescribing denosumab or corticosteroids together, and to emphasize oral health care by assessing teeth and gums before and during treatment.

In conclusion, while antiresorptive medications are effective for managing bone diseases, their potential serious side effects require careful attention. Patients should consult healthcare providers about their specific treatments and ensure regular dental check-ups to mitigate risks.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-06-common-bone-medications-linked-jaw.html