Blood Fatty Acid Profiles Can Predict Bone Density Development from Childhood to Adolescence

Recent research conducted by the University of Eastern Finland has revealed that the composition of fatty acids in blood, along with enzyme activity related to fatty acid metabolism, can forecast changes in bone mineral density from childhood through adolescence. This groundbreaking study, part of the long-term Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) project, analyzed blood samples from 480 children over an eight-year period. Results showed that higher blood levels of specific fatty acids—dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, nervonic acid, and arachidonic acid—were associated with greater bone density. Conversely, increased proportions of linoleic acid correlated with lower bone density. Additionally, elevated enzyme activity in pathways like delta-6 desaturase was linked to improved bone health.

The study underscores the complex role that individual fatty acids play in bone development. Fatty acids are categorized into saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated types, but their effects on bones cannot be generalized by group alone; individual fatty acids can have diverse impacts. The research emphasizes that measuring fatty acids directly in blood provides more accurate insights into bone health than dietary assessments alone.

Professor Timo Lakka highlighted that this is the first time blood fatty acid profiles have been shown to predict bone density development during this critical growth period. He also noted that some fatty acids promote bone growth, while others may impede it, revealing a complex metabolic interplay.

Sonja Soininen, an associate professor involved in the study, explained that these findings reflect the intricate nature of fatty acid metabolism and its importance for skeletal health. The results suggest that targeting fatty acid metabolic pathways could open new avenues for nutritional strategies aimed at optimizing bone development in children.

The PANIC study, conducted at the University of Eastern Finland, is a comprehensive examination of children’s health, including blood lipid analysis and bone density measurements via DXA scans. These ongoing efforts track the health trajectories of children from early school age into young adulthood, with initial phases beginning in 2007 and follow-up continuing into 2026.

Overall, this research provides valuable insights into how blood lipid profiles relate to bone health and underscores the importance of personalized nutritional approaches during childhood to support optimal skeletal development.