Biological Factors May Increase Risk of Early and Aggressive Breast Cancer in Women of African Ancestry

Women of African descent face a higher likelihood of developing early-onset and more aggressive forms of breast cancer, such as triple-negative breast cancer, which is often harder to treat. Studies show that, while breast cancer incidence is generally highest among white women, Black women are disproportionately affected by more severe subtypes and have notably higher mortality rates, especially under age 50—where their risk of death is double that of young white women.

Recent research from the University of Notre Dame provides insights into potential biological contributors to these disparities. A key finding involves a population of cells in breast tissue called PZP cells. These cells appear to release signals that can promote cancer growth by altering the behavior of nearby epithelial cells, which are the origin of most breast carcinomas. Notably, healthy breast tissues of women of African ancestry contain significantly higher levels of PZP cells than those of women of European ancestry.

The research explored how these PZP cells influence early cancer development. They found that these cells produce factors that activate proteins like AKT within epithelial cells—a process that can lead to increased invasiveness of cancer cells. The PZP cells also secrete proteins that guide the movement of epithelial cells, potentially facilitating tumor progression. Importantly, the study demonstrated that a drug targeting AKT, named capivasertib, could significantly diminish the effects of PZP cells on epithelial cells, indicating promising avenues for tailored therapies.

Understanding biological and genetic differences in normal and cancerous breast tissues across racial groups is crucial. These variations may influence both disease progression and treatment responses, emphasizing the importance of inclusive research and clinical trials. The Notre Dame team worked with tissue banks and utilized advanced three-dimensional cell models to mimic actual tissue behaviors, providing robust insights into how these cellular interactions may drive disparities in breast cancer outcomes.

Leading researchers highlight that addressing biological differences is essential for developing effective, personalized treatment strategies. Continued investigation into these cellular mechanisms could lead to improved prevention, early detection, and targeted therapies for women of African ancestry, ultimately reducing mortality disparities.

source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-women-african-ancestry-biologically-predisposed.html