Chronic Use of Benzodiazepines Negatively Affects Sleep Quality in Older Adults, New Study Finds

Long-term consumption of benzodiazepine and related medications has been associated with diminished sleep quality among older adults suffering from insomnia. Despite their affordability, widespread availability, and common prescription in Quebec, these drugs carry significant risks, including addiction potential. Abrupt cessation can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms such as increased fall risk, hospitalizations, and cognitive impairments.

Recent research led by Concordia University, published in the journal SLEEPJ, reveals that benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRA) influence brain activity during sleep, particularly affecting mechanisms crucial for memory and cognitive health in individuals aged 55 to 80. According to neurologist Thanh Dang-Vu, these medications do not enhance sleep quality in the long-term for older populations. Instead, they may worsen sleep architecture, leading to detrimental effects on brain health.

The study involved 101 older adults categorized into three groups: good sleepers, those with insomnia, and those with insomnia who were chronic users of benzodiazepine/BZRA, defined as taking the medication at least three times weekly for over three months. Sleep assessments using overnight polysomnography showed that individuals on these medications experienced less deep sleep, characterized by slower brain waves associated with memory consolidation. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the synchronization of brain oscillations, which play a vital role in processing information.

Higher dosages were linked to longer times to fall asleep and delayed attainment of deep sleep stages. These findings suggest that benzodiazepine use not only disrupts normal sleep patterns but may also impair cognitive functions—which are already vulnerable in aging populations.

Experts emphasize the importance of alternative approaches, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), especially for older adults. Gradual reduction of medication use, combined with psychological interventions, can help prevent rebound insomnia and improve sleep quality. Both healthcare providers and policymakers are encouraged to prioritize safer, accessible, and effective treatments for insomnia that do not compromise brain health.

This research underscores the need for increased awareness and careful management of sleep aids in older adults, considering the potential long-term repercussions on brain function and overall health.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-chronic-benzodiazepine-consumption-impacts-quality.html