New Research Reveals Basal Stem-like Cells as the Origin of Small Cell Lung Cancer

Recent groundbreaking research has challenged the conventional understanding of the origins of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive form of lung cancer typically linked to smoking. Until now, scientists believed that SCLC primarily originates from neuroendocrine cells within the lungs. However, a study led by Duke University researchers, published in the journal Nature, reveals that basal stem-like cells play a crucial role as the source of this disease.

Using advanced models including genetically engineered mice, 3D tumor organoids, and an extensive dataset of 944 human SCLC tumor samples, the study demonstrates that basal cells—known for their ability to regenerate various lung cell types—are capable of giving rise to both neuroendocrine and tuft-like tumor forms. Notably, the tuft-like tumors are associated with poorer patient outcomes and resistance to current treatments.

The researchers employed lineage barcoding techniques to track cell evolution over time, which uncovered that genetic alterations introduced into basal cells, rather than neuroendocrine cells, triggered tumor formation. This finding indicates a significant shift in how scientists understand the disease’s development. The study also highlights that small cell lung cancer cells possess a high degree of cell plasticity, enabling them to shapeshift and evade treatments.

According to senior study author Trudy G. Oliver, Ph.D., this discovery not only clarifies the origins of SCLC but also paves the way for new preventative strategies. The models developed in this research provide a valuable platform to study early disease progression and explore potential targeted therapies. Additionally, by understanding how basal cells interact with the immune system before transforming into cancer, there’s hope for developing therapies that can prevent the disease from manifesting or spreading.

This research marks an important advancement in the fight against lung cancer, offering hope for earlier detection and more effective treatment options in the future.

Source: MedicalXpress