Advancing Toward a Tuberculosis-Free Southeast Asia: ASEAN's Vaccination Strategies and Digital Innovation

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is actively leading efforts to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) across the region, which accounts for nearly 45% of global TB cases. Despite ongoing challenges, ASEAN has established an ambitious regional action plan aimed at ending TB by 2035, focusing on improving access to treatment, tackling latent TB infections, and enhancing diagnostic technologies.

A key component of ASEAN’s strategy involves vaccine diplomacy. Vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing TB transmission, reducing disease burden, and protecting public health. The region has intensified diplomatic efforts with dialogue partners like China and the United States to secure vaccine supplies and promote regional self-reliance through initiatives such as the ASEAN Vaccine Security and Self-Reliance (AVSSR). During the COVID-19 pandemic, ASEAN's collaborative approach ensured equitable vaccine distribution via the ASEAN COVID-19 Response Fund, reflecting a commitment to health security.

Indonesia, which ranks second globally in TB incidence, plays a pivotal role in vaccine development by participating in the phase three clinical trial of the M72 TB vaccine candidate. This candidate targets adolescents and adults—the demographic most affected by TB—with over 2,000 participants involved in Indonesia. Preliminary results suggest that two doses of the M72 vaccine could offer up to 54% protection against latent TB progressing into active pulmonary disease, with full trial results expected by 2028. If the vaccine proves safe and effective, it could revolutionize TB prevention both regionally and worldwide.

Technology is transforming TB control efforts in Southeast Asia. Countries are deploying artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and digital health systems to accelerate diagnosis and monitoring. For instance, Indonesia and Myanmar utilize computer-assisted chest X-ray analysis tools like Lunit INSIGHT CXR and qXR, which enable quicker and more accurate detection of lung abnormalities. The Philippines has introduced AI-enhanced X-ray screening, developed through partnerships with Japan, to assist vulnerable populations. Meanwhile, Vietnam leverages real-time surveillance platforms like VITIMES and SMS-based reminders to promote treatment adherence.

ASEAN’s commitment to ending TB is exemplified through initiatives like the biennial ASEAN TB Conference and the launch of the Airborne Infection Defense Platform (AIDP), supported by organizations such as USAID and Stop TB. The AIDP aims to strengthen regional capacity for managing airborne infectious diseases, improving healthcare infrastructure, and preparing for future pandemics.

In conclusion, ASEAN's integrated approach — combining vaccine development, diplomatic collaboration, and innovative technology — is crucial for controlling TB. The region’s efforts to advance both prevention and early detection reflect a strong shared commitment: eliminating tuberculosis is within reach, and global health security depends on regional leadership and cooperation.