Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Pandemic Preparedness

Researchers emphasize that artificial intelligence (AI), when integrated with the One Health approach—which considers human, animal, and environmental health—can significantly bolster our ability to predict and prevent future pandemics. A recent article in The Lancet Infectious Diseases discusses how AI can analyze vast and complex datasets from various sources, including climate data, land use, animal production, and population movements, to identify patterns indicative of emerging threats.

Professor Frank Møller Aarestrup of the DTU National Food Institute highlights that AI is a powerful tool to supplement existing knowledge and methods. While AI alone cannot stop pandemics, its capacity to integrate diverse data streams enhances early detection efforts. Professor Marion Koopmans from Erasmus Medical Center warns that once a contagious disease begins spreading, containment becomes extremely challenging, underscoring the importance of early detection.

The article points out that many outbreaks—such as SARS-CoV-2, avian influenza, and mpox—originate in animals, with spillover events often linked to climate change, intensive farming, and encroachment into natural habitats. These events are unpredictable but critical to monitor.

AI's ability to analyze multifaceted datasets allows for the identification of geographic and species-specific hotspots where surveillance should be intensified. Combining AI with genetic analysis, like metagenomic sequencing, enables detection of both known and novel pathogens and offers potential for early warnings by recognizing genetic signals associated with emerging viruses.

Moreover, advances in AI-driven protein modeling facilitate rapid assessment of how genetic mutations could affect virus properties, helping to prioritize risks and develop response strategies faster.

The concept of AI as a 'co-scientist' is also explored, where virtual researchers assist in hypothesis formation, data analysis, and reporting. While this opens up new possibilities, it also raises questions about maintaining trustworthiness and the future role of human scientists. The authors emphasize that AI should be viewed as a valuable supplement to traditional research methods, not a replacement.

Overall, the article advocates for an integrated approach that leverages AI's strengths while maintaining rigorous scientific standards—aiming to improve global readiness for future pandemics.