Innovative 3D-Printed Cardiac Patch Promotes Heart Tissue Regeneration Using Structural Mesh and Living Cells

A groundbreaking advancement in cardiac tissue engineering has been achieved with the development of a novel 3D-printed heart patch capable of not only sealing damaged areas of the heart but also facilitating tissue repair. Led by researchers at ETH Zurich, an interdisciplinary team has successfully implanted this innovative patch in animal models, paving the way for future human applications.

The new approach addresses limitations of current patches made from bovine pericardium, which are inert and can cause adverse reactions such as calcification, inflammation, or thrombosis. Unlike traditional patches, this new design aims to integrate seamlessly into the heart tissue, promoting regeneration rather than merely covering the defect.

The core of this technology, called the Reinforced Cardiac Patch (RCPatch), consists of three interconnected components: a fine mesh for initial sealing, a degradable scaffold created through 3D printing for structural support, and a hydrogel infused with heart muscle cells. The lattice structure of the scaffold is crafted from biodegradable polymers, enabling it to support tissue growth and then degrade naturally, leaving no foreign material behind.

This multi-component design enhances the patch’s ability to adhere to the heart tissue and grow with the muscle, supporting long-term healing. The scaffold, combined with a thin attachable mesh, is enriched with living cells embedded in the hydrogel, allowing the patch to integrate fully into the myocardium.

Initial animal studies demonstrated that the RCPatch can withstand high blood pressure, prevent bleeding, and restore cardiac function. Experiments on pig models confirmed the patch’s capacity to maintain structural integrity during the vital phases of healing.

This research represents a significant step toward developing a mechanically robust, tissue-engineered heart patch suitable for human use. The ultimate goal is to enable these patches to not only repair myocardial damage but also promote regenerative healing, potentially transforming treatment options for heart attack patients in the future.

For more detailed insights, see the study published in Advanced Materials by Jones et al. (2025). Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-3d-cardiac-patch-tissue-mesh.html