Study Finds No Link Between Autism and Age-Related Cognitive Decline

Recent research conducted by University College London has provided reassuring evidence that autistic traits do not influence the rate of cognitive decline in older adults. The study examined spatial working memory—an essential cognitive function involved in navigation and organization—in individuals over the age of 50. Spatial working memory tends to decrease with age, often becoming more pronounced in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease. However, this large-scale longitudinal analysis indicated that older adults with autistic traits maintain their cognitive abilities at rates comparable to neurotypical peers.

The research analyzed data from over 10,000 UK residents, identifying approximately 1.5% with high levels of autistic traits, a prevalence similar to the general population. Using growth mixture modeling over a seven-year span, scientists observed that both autistic and non-autistic individuals experienced similar patterns of stability in spatial working memory.

Lead author Professor Joshua Stott explained that although autism involves unique cognitive differences and challenges, it does not appear to increase the risk for accelerated cognitive decline with aging. This finding contrasts with earlier studies based on healthcare records, which suggested higher dementia rates among older autistic adults. These earlier studies might have been skewed by underdiagnosis and a focus on populations with existing health issues.

The researchers emphasized that their findings are preliminary and that further studies are needed, particularly ones including diverse ethnic groups and individuals diagnosed with autism, rather than relying solely on autistic traits.

Senior researcher Dr. Gavin Stewart pointed out the importance of understanding how aging interacts with autism, highlighting that these results offer some clarity and reassurance to the autistic community regarding age-related cognitive health. Nonetheless, limitations exist, such as the study's participants' internet access requirements and the focus on social and communication traits of autism.

Overall, the study suggests that aging affects cognitive functions similarly regardless of autistic traits, offering hopeful insight for aging autistic adults. Future research aims to expand understanding and confirm these findings across broader populations.