Innovative Robotic System Developed for Remote Treatment of Critical Tension Pneumothorax

Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have engineered a groundbreaking robotic system designed to address life-threatening tension pneumothorax—a critical build-up of air in the chest cavity that can lead to rapid circulatory collapse if not treated promptly. This advanced technology was showcased at the upcoming automatica robotics trade fair and is envisioned to perform telemedical interventions during emergency evacuations.

Tension pneumothorax occurs when air accumulates between the lung membrane and the chest wall, often resulting from traumatic injuries such as gunshot wounds. As trapped air increases pressure, it compresses vital organs, impairing breathing and cardiac function. Without immediate decompression—manually performed by inserting a needle into the chest—fatal outcomes can occur within minutes.

The newly developed robotic system features an end effector—a robotic arm extension—that integrates a decompression needle and an ultrasound device. The robot can precisely locate the second or fifth intercostal spaces, necessary sites for needle insertion, using ultrasound guidance. Once confirmed, the robot inserts the needle and catheter, allowing the trapped air to escape while maintaining the catheter in place. This automation enables fast, accurate intervention, potentially saving lives in inaccessible or dangerous environments.

Prof. Peter Biberthaler from TUM explains that this robotic approach is crucial for emergency scenarios, such as traffic accidents or military conflicts, where quick medical response is critical. The device not only diagnoses pneumothorax but also provides immediate decompression, reducing the risk of deterioration before emergency personnel can reach the patient.

The project is a part of the iMEDCAP initiative, which aims to develop intelligent medical response capabilities, especially in military and disaster zones. The system is designed to be integrated into unmanned aerial vehicles like the Avilus drone, enhancing in-flight medical treatment with remote guidance from physicians. The drone's robotic arms can perform emergency treatments such as decompression or medication delivery, significantly improving patient outcomes in remote or hazardous locations.

Additionally, the Microtechnology and Medical Device Technology (MiMed) research group at TUM is advancing other robotic modules capable of administering medication bone-wise, controlling severe bleeding with tourniquets, or injecting antidotes like atropine for chemical emergency responses. These innovations underscore a broader effort to develop autonomous medical tools that operate reliably and efficiently under time-critical conditions.

Overall, this robotic system is a pivotal step toward autonomous emergency medical care, promising faster interventions and better survival chances during critical incidents, whether on land, in the air, or at sea.