Revisiting the Measles: Who Should Get vaccinated?

Understanding Measles and the Importance of Vaccination

Recent outbreaks of measles across the United States have prompted a re-examination of vaccination practices and the populations at risk. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 700 confirmed cases have been reported in at least 25 states as of mid-April 2025. These cases predominantly involve unvaccinated individuals, those with unknown vaccination status, and children. The highly contagious nature of measles allows it to spread rapidly through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, with the virus remaining airborne up to two hours after departure.

Recognizing Symptoms and Risks

Common signs of measles include high fever, dry cough, runny nose, red watery eyes, white spots inside the mouth, and a distinctive rash that begins on the face or neck and spreads downward. Serious complications can arise, such as pneumonia, brain infections like encephalitis, airway inflammation, and diarrhea leading to dehydration. These complications can be life-threatening, especially for vulnerable groups including children under 5, adults over 20, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. Infection during pregnancy throws additional risks, potentially causing premature birth, miscarriage, or birth defects.

Who Needs Vaccination?

Vaccination remains the most effective method of preventing measles. The CDC recommends two doses of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine: first dose at 12 to 15 months and the second between 4 and 6 years old. In some cases, the second dose can be administered earlier based on a healthcare provider’s guidance. The vaccine is approximately 97% effective in preventing the disease after two doses. The MMRV vaccine, which adds protection against varicella (chickenpox), is another option. Although measles was declared eliminated in the U.S. in 2000, recent declines in vaccination rates have led to outbreaks.

Immunity in Adults

If you were vaccinated as a child or have had measles before, you are likely protected for life. Those without proof of immunity should consult their healthcare provider about testing or vaccination. Ensuring immunity is crucial, especially for travelers or individuals living in outbreak areas.

Treatment and Management

There are no antiviral treatments specifically for measles. However, vitamin A supplementation can reduce the risk of complications, particularly in those deficient in vitamin A. It’s important to note that vitamin A does not prevent infection and should only be used under medical supervision, as excessive doses can cause serious side effects, including liver damage and birth defects if taken during pregnancy.

Taking Action

To protect yourself and your loved ones, verify that everyone in your family is up-to-date with their measles vaccines. This becomes especially vital when traveling internationally or visiting areas experiencing outbreaks. Be vigilant for symptoms and seek prompt medical attention if you suspect measles to ensure early diagnosis and containment.

By maintaining high vaccination rates and staying informed, we can continue to prevent the spread of measles and safeguard public health.

Source: Medical Xpress