Poor Heart Health in Midlife Elevates Dementia Risk Among Black Americans, Study Finds

Recent research highlights a significant link between cardiovascular health and the risk of developing dementia, especially within Black American populations. The study, conducted by the University of Georgia and published in the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, indicates that individuals diagnosed with both hypertension and diabetes in midlife are at a noticeably higher risk of brain degeneration decades later.

The research followed over 250 participants with either high blood pressure, diabetes, or both, revealing that the coexistence of these conditions leads to increased levels of biomarkers associated with dementia. Notably, those with both diagnoses showed a greater rise in these biomarkers over an 11-year span, suggesting that the impact on brain health begins earlier than previously thought.

"This study underscores the importance of managing chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes early, particularly for Black Americans," explained Rachael Weaver, lead author and graduate student at UGA. "When these conditions occur together in midlife, they can initiate a cascade of processes resulting in accelerated brain aging and higher likelihood of dementia."

Black Americans traditionally face higher rates of cognitive decline and tend to experience it at earlier ages compared to white populations. The findings point to cardiovascular health being a crucial indicator of degenerative brain diseases. Despite differences in diagnosis, the combination of hypertension and diabetes was associated with markedly elevated levels of dementia-related biomarkers and an increased rate of change over time.

"Our results suggest that early intervention targeting these health issues could be a key strategy in preventing or delaying neurodegenerative diseases," said Karlo Lei, co-author and associate professor at UGA. "Healthcare providers should emphasize cardiovascular health as a vital factor in dementia risk assessment, especially in Black communities."

The study also draws attention to socioeconomic disparities, noting that many participants with cardiovascular problems reported low income and limited education, factors linked to poorer health outcomes. Weaver emphasized the need for systemic changes: "Addressing structural inequalities and enhancing health literacy are essential for reducing disparities and improving brain health outcomes."

Public health initiatives targeting at-risk communities — through education, early screening, and better access to healthcare — are vital. Promoting healthy lifestyle choices such as regular exercise, stress reduction, nutritious diets, and reducing smoking and alcohol consumption can also support both heart and brain health.

Overall, the research advocates for a comprehensive approach to prevent cognitive decline by focusing on cardiovascular health management from midlife and tackling socioeconomic barriers that exacerbate health disparities.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-poor-heart-health-dementia-black.html