NAD⁺, Zombie Cells, and the Fight Against Premature Aging

Understanding the Role of NAD⁺ in Aging and Potential Therapies for Accelerated Aging Disorders

Published on July 3, 2025, by Julie Nybakk Kvaal from the University of Oslo, this article explores the critical role of NAD⁺, a small molecule vital for our cellular health, and its link to premature aging and age-related diseases.

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is essential for energy production and maintaining cellular functions. A deficiency of NAD⁺ can accelerate aging processes, leading to the deterioration of cellular energy and DNA repair mechanisms. This phenomenon is particularly evident in individuals with Werner syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging.

Researchers have discovered that cells from Werner syndrome patients show significantly lower levels of NAD⁺ within their mitochondria—the energy-producing organelles. This depletion correlates with premature cellular aging, or "zombie cells," which are cells that have lost their ability to divide and function properly, contributing to tissue degradation and aging symptoms.

Importantly, supplementing NAD⁺ has shown promising results in reversing some features of premature aging. Experiments demonstrated that NAD⁺ supplementation stimulates stem cell growth and reduces cellular senescence, effectively rejuvenating aged cells in laboratory settings. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for Werner syndrome and possibly for normal aging.

NAD⁺ is also crucial for healthy cell metabolism, helping to eliminate damaged mitochondria and support cellular repair. Its levels naturally decline with age, which may contribute to the aging process and related diseases.

Studies extend beyond humans; experiments with model organisms like fruit flies and roundworms showed that boosting NAD⁺ levels improved mitochondrial function and prolonged lifespan, raising hopes for similar benefits in humans.

Current clinical trials, including those in Japan, are investigating NAD⁺-based therapies for Werner syndrome. The ongoing research aims to determine whether restoring NAD⁺ can slow down or even reverse aspects of aging, with the broader goal of finding interventions that may promote longevity and better health in aging populations.

While it remains uncertain whether NAD⁺ supplementation can delay natural aging, the scientific community is optimistic. Advancements in understanding zombie cells and NAD⁺ metabolism could pave the way for innovative treatments targeting age-related decline and age-associated diseases.

In conclusion, enhancing NAD⁺ levels holds significant promise as a strategy to combat premature aging and improve healthspan, although further research is necessary to translate these findings into widespread clinical applications.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-nad-zombie-cells-premature-aging.html