Microplastics in Chewing Gum: A Surprising Source of Salivary Contaminants

Many individuals rarely consider the potential health implications of chewing gum beyond its immediate taste and freshness. However, recent research conducted by experts at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering has brought to light a concerning link between chewing gum and microplastic ingestion. The study reveals that chewing gum, both natural and synthetic varieties, can release microplastic particles into saliva—a process that might contribute to human exposure to these tiny pollutants.

Microplastics are minuscule plastic particles measuring micrometers in size, which originate from larger plastic debris breaking down over time or from manufactured microbeads in consumer products. These particles are pervasive in numerous everyday items, including plastic bottles, food packaging, and utensils. The presence of microplastics in consumables raises concerns about their potential impact on human health.

In this investigation, researchers selected ten popular brands of chewing gum—half synthetic, relying on petroleum-based polymers, and half natural, using plant-based materials like chicle. Volunteers chewed seven pieces of each brand for four minutes, during which saliva samples were collected every 30 seconds to measure microplastic release. Additional tests over longer periods assessed the amount of microplastics shed during extended chewing.

The findings indicated that both natural and synthetic gums released similar levels of microplastics. On average, each gram of gum emitted about 100 microplastic particles, with some brands releasing up to 600 particles per gram. Considering that typical chewing gum pieces weigh between 2 to 6 grams, an individual could ingest over 3,000 microplastic particles by chewing just one larger piece. Annually, chewing 160 to 180 pieces could lead to an ingestion of approximately 30,000 microplastics. Although the health implications of such ingestion are still under study, animal research and cellular studies suggest potential risks, including cellular damage and inflammation.

Interestingly, a significant portion—about 94%—of the microplastic particles are released within the first eight minutes of chewing. For those concerned about reducing microplastic intake, limiting the duration of chewing or sticking to a single piece may help decrease exposure.

Associate Professor Sanjay Mohanty and graduate student Lisa Lowe emphasized that their research aims to shed light on everyday sources of plastic exposure. They stress that while conclusive evidence about the health effects of microplastics remains elusive, awareness is vital for assessing potential risks and making informed choices.

In summary, this study underscores the importance of considering even everyday habits, like chewing gum, in discussions about microplastic pollution and health. As research continues, understanding the full impact of these tiny particles on human well-being remains a priority.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-04-gum-microplastics-saliva.html