Loss of Smell as an Early Indicator of Increased Mortality and Dementia Risk

Recent research published in the journal JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery highlights the significance of olfactory impairment, or the loss of the sense of smell, in predicting overall health outcomes among older adults. The study, which analyzed data from over 2,500 participants in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, reveals that difficulties in identifying odors are strongly associated with a higher risk of death and cognitive decline over a span of 6 to 12 years.

The findings show that each incorrect response in a 16-item odor identification test correlates with a 6% increased risk of mortality within six years and a 5% increase over twelve years. Notably, the most pronounced links were observed with deaths due to neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The research indicates that dementia is a key mediator in this relationship, accounting for about a quarter of the increased risk, with additional contributions from frailty and nutritional deficiencies.

Scientists emphasize that the sense of smell is more than just a sensory function; it serves as an important marker of overall health and resilience with aging. Olfactory testing is a simple, non-invasive tool that could potentially identify individuals at higher risk for cognitive and physical deterioration well before more obvious symptoms appear. Experts advocate for integrating smell assessments into routine health screenings for older adults, alongside vision and hearing checks.

As the global population ages, leveraging olfactory testing offers a promising strategy for early intervention, helping to improve long-term health outcomes and quality of life for seniors. For more details, refer to the original study at source.