Innovative Dual-Action Technique Targeting Inflammation Offers Hope for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment

A recent study led by researchers from Indiana University has unveiled a promising new approach to combat type 1 diabetes by focusing on inflammation-related proteins that contribute to the disease's progression. The research, published in eBioMedicine, explores how inhibiting the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) can protect insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells from immune system attacks.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly destroys beta cells, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and the necessity for lifelong insulin therapy. Current treatments manage symptoms but do not address the underlying autoimmune process.

The study demonstrated in laboratory models that blocking TYK2 signaling reduces harmful inflammation within the pancreas. This not only helps preserve the pancreatic beta cells but also diminishes the immune system's destructive response. Since TYK2 inhibitors are already approved for treating psoriasis, an autoimmune skin condition, this finding suggests a fast track towards developing a new treatment for type 1 diabetes.

Dr. Carmella Evans-Molina, a lead researcher, explained, "Our findings indicate that targeting TYK2 could simultaneously protect insulin-producing cells and modulate immune activity, offering a dual-benefit approach. The fact that an existing drug can be repurposed accelerates the path to clinical trials."

Genetic studies support this approach, showing that individuals with naturally lower TYK2 activity tend to have a reduced risk of developing type 1 diabetes, providing further evidence of the protein's role in the disease.

Lead author Dr. Farooq Syed mentioned that preclinical models give hope that this strategy might work in humans as well. The next steps involve translational research to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TYK2 inhibitors, both alone and in combination with other therapies, in individuals at risk of or newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Overall, this dual-action approach targeting inflammation offers a compelling avenue for future research and potential new treatments for type 1 diabetes, emphasizing the importance of inflammation management in autoimmune diseases.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-dual-action-approach-inflammation-potential.html