How Geographic Location Influences Health Risks in Older Adults: New Research Findings

Recent studies from Yale School of Medicine highlight the significant impact of geographic location on health outcomes among older adults. While genetics play a role, various socioeconomic and environmental factors at both state and county levels considerably influence health risks, including mortality, frailty, dementia, and disability.

Researchers, led by Dr. Robert D. Becher, developed innovative composite indices—the GERi-State and GERi-County indices—to assess the health-related disadvantages associated with specific regions. These indices incorporate measures such as tobacco taxes, poverty levels, median household income, and physician density. Their goal was to identify populations of Americans aged 65 and older who are at heightened risk of early death or health complications due to unfavorable regional conditions.

Findings show that seniors living in the bottom 20% of these indices are at significantly increased risk for mortality. Those in the most disadvantaged counties face higher rates of age-related conditions like frailty and cognitive decline, which impair daily functioning. The studies, published in "Health and Place" and the "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society," emphasize that place matters profoundly for health outcomes.

Dr. Becher's interest in this area originated from observing disparities in post-surgical recovery among his elderly patients. He notes that the social, economic, and environmental context of where an individual lives shapes health, beyond biological factors. Understanding these regional influences can guide policies to improve healthcare access and outcomes for vulnerable populations.

The research utilized the World Health Organization's socio-ecological framework, focusing on modifiable factors such as preventable hospital stays and physician availability. Disadvantaged states, mostly in the American South, and counties across the South, Southwest, and West, were identified through their indices. Community-living seniors in these regions faced higher death rates and greater incidences of frailty, dementia, and disability.

Overall, these studies underline the importance of considering geographic context in addressing health disparities among older Americans. Future policies aimed at reducing regional disadvantages could make a substantial difference in improving the health and quality of life for this vulnerable population.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-geographic-affects-health-older-adults.html