Extending the Lifespan of a Blood Sugar-Regulating Molecule Could Fight Obesity, Study Finds

Research suggests that prolonging the activity of a naturally occurring molecule involved in blood sugar regulation may offer new avenues to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases. The molecule, known as carnosine, is present in the bloodstream and tissues and has properties that help manage blood glucose levels. However, it is rapidly broken down by a damaging enzyme called carnosinase, which limits its beneficial effects.

A recent study led by Nottingham Trent University explored how inhibiting this enzyme could extend the presence of carnosine in the body. The researchers discovered that by developing a molecule similar to carnosine but resistant to breakdown, they could significantly increase its lifespan and effectiveness. Experiments on mice showed promising results: the animals treated with this resistant molecule gained 10% less weight on a high-fat diet compared to untreated mice, indicating a potential protective effect against obesity.

The study involved advanced computational analysis where over 53,000 molecules were examined to find ones most similar to carnosine in size and shape, yet resistant to the breakdown enzyme. The selected compound, N-methyl-[6-(2-furyl)pyrid-3-yl]methylamine, effectively bound to carnosinase, preventing it from degrading carnosine.

While these findings are preliminary and need validation in humans, they open the door to new therapeutic strategies. Carnosine’s anti-inflammatory and anti-glycating properties could also help reduce risks for cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and certain cancers.

Dr. Mark Turner, the senior author, emphasized that responding to the obesity and type 2 diabetes challenge requires timely intervention. By inhibiting enzymes that break down beneficial molecules like carnosine, scientists may develop treatments that sustain their protective effects longer. The next steps involve understanding the mechanisms behind these effects more thoroughly and exploring potential drug therapies beyond animal studies.

This innovative research highlights a promising approach to manage obesity and metabolic health by preserving the natural molecules that support blood sugar regulation, potentially reducing the global burden of these conditions.