Climate Change and Women's Cancer Risk: Insights from Recent Research

Scientists have identified a link between global warming and an increased risk of certain cancers among women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The study, published in Frontiers in Public Health on May 27, 2025, reveals that rising temperatures are associated with higher incidences and mortality rates of breast, ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancers.

Researchers analyzed data from 17 countries across the MENA region, including Egypt, Iran, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. They found that for each additional degree Celsius of temperature increase, the prevalence of these cancers rose significantly—by approximately 173 to 280 cases per 100,000 people—with ovarian cancer showing the highest increase. Mortality rates also increased substantially, with 171 to 332 additional deaths per 100,000 people for each degree of warming, again most notable for ovarian cancer.

Dr. Wafa Abuelkheir Mataria from the American University in Cairo emphasized that, although the per-degree impact appears modest, the cumulative health burden is substantial. She noted that higher ambient temperatures could promote exposure to environmental carcinogens, disrupt healthcare systems, and influence biological processes at the cellular level, all contributing to elevated cancer risks.

The study suggests that climate change acts through multiple pathways, increasing exposure to environmental toxins, aggravating air pollution, and hindering early detection and treatment due to healthcare disruptions. Variability among countries indicates other factors—such as pollution levels and healthcare infrastructure—also play roles in these regional differences.

While improvements in cancer screening might partly explain rising prevalence, the simultaneous increase in death rates indicates that actual exposure risk is a major driver. The research underscores the need for public health strategies to incorporate climate resilience, including robust screening programs and efforts to reduce environmental carcinogens.

Co-author Dr. Sungsoo Chun pointed out the importance of addressing underlying vulnerabilities, especially for marginalized women who face compounded risks. Overall, this study highlights the importance of integrating climate considerations into cancer prevention and health policy to mitigate future impacts.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-global-women-cancer.html