Children Living Near Oil and Gas Wells at Increased Risk of Rare Leukemia, Study Finds

Recent research indicates that children residing in close proximity to oil and natural gas extraction sites face a significantly higher risk of developing acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), a common but rare childhood cancer that originates in the bone marrow and progresses rapidly. While long-term survival rates for childhood leukemia exceed 90%, survivors often battle lifelong health challenges including heart conditions, mental health issues, and an elevated risk of secondary cancers.

Despite overall cancer rates in the U.S. declining since 2002, the incidence of childhood ALL remains on the rise, prompting urgent calls for preventative strategies. Accumulating evidence links environmental exposure to chemicals released during oil and gas extraction—especially benzene and other pollutants—to increased leukemia risk in children. Researchers focusing on Colorado and Pennsylvania have utilized case-control studies, combining statewide registries and advanced mapping techniques to assess exposure during critical developmental windows, such as pregnancy and early childhood.

In Colorado, children aged 2–9 living within eight miles of densely concentrated oil and gas wells were found to be at least twice as likely to develop ALL, with those residing within three miles at the highest risk. Similarly, a Pennsylvania study showed that children born within 1.2 miles of such wells faced a 2-3 times higher risk of leukemia, particularly if exposed in utero. These findings support earlier studies suggesting high-density oil and gas regions are correlated with increased childhood leukemia cases.

The studies highlight policy implications: commonly used setback distances—ranging from 200 to 3,200 feet—are insufficient to fully protect children from health risks. The emissions from drilling activities include carcinogens that contaminate air and water, posing a significant public health concern. Experts argue for more comprehensive policies, including larger setback distances and stringent emission controls, to mitigate these risks.

Future research aims to explore links between oil and gas exposure and other pediatric cancers like acute myeloid leukemia, as well as understanding the combined effects of multiple environmental hazards on children and communities. The evidence underscores the importance of preventative measures and stricter regulation to safeguard children's health in regions with active oil and gas development.