Breakthrough Protein Target Could Reduce Excessive Scarring in Wound Healing

A recent study published in Nature Communications uncovers the potential of a newly identified protein, fibromodulin (FMOD), in preventing or significantly reducing excessive scarring during wound repair. Conducted by researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, this groundbreaking research suggests that FMOD plays a crucial role in moderating the activity of myofibroblasts—specialized cells responsible for tissue contraction and scar formation. Normally, myofibroblasts help close wounds, but when they persist longer than necessary, they can lead to hypertrophic scars or keloids.

The study demonstrated that fibromodulin interacts with molecules like interleukin 1β to facilitate the programmed death of myofibroblasts, thereby limiting scar tissue development. This mechanism mirrors fetal wound healing, which is characterized by minimal scarring. The researchers showcased that in animal models, FMOD accelerates the clearance of myofibroblasts, resulting in less prominent scars. These findings have promising implications for developing new therapeutic strategies to manage scarring in humans, especially for patients recovering from surgery, burns, or traumatic injuries.

Historically, FMOD has been associated with regenerative healing processes, promoting scarless tissue repair in fetal development, and now, with this latest research, it appears to be a key factor in adult healing as well. Building on this discovery, the team at UCLA has already advanced a clinical trial utilizing a fibromodulin-derived peptide to reduce scars in patients. Dr. Chia Soo, a leading researcher involved in the study, emphasized that understanding how fibromodulin controls scar-forming cells could revolutionize treatments aimed at minimizing takedown and resection of scars.

The study involved collaboration among several scientists, including Wenlu Jiang, Xiaoxiao Pang, Pin Ha, and others, and confirms that manipulating the activity of FMOD might offer a new avenue for scar reduction therapies. With these insights, future therapeutics could emulate this natural process, leading to improved wound healing and aesthetic outcomes.