Blood Test Shows Potential for Early Diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Recent research has highlighted a promising new approach for diagnosing dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) at an early stage through a simple blood test. Led by Associate Professor Ayako Okado-Matsumoto from Toho University's Department of Biology, in collaboration with experts from Sakura Medical Center and other departments at Toho University, scientists discovered significant changes in a specific protein, α-synuclein, present in the blood of DLB patients. Their study revealed that individuals with DLB exhibit markedly lower levels of α-synuclein within their red blood cells compared to healthy individuals and those with other neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This protein, when abnormally accumulated in brain cells, is associated with the development of several neurodegenerative disorders.

This finding is particularly important because early diagnosis of DLB remains challenging, with current methods often relying on clinical symptoms that may not manifest until the disease has progressed. The identification of reduced α-synuclein levels in blood could serve as a straightforward, minimally invasive biomarker, aiding clinicians in detecting DLB sooner. Such a diagnostic tool could significantly impact patient management and treatment planning, ultimately improving quality of life for patients and support for their families.

The study was published online in The Journal of Biochemistry on April 16, 2025, highlighting the potential of erythrocyte α-synuclein as a differential biomarker to distinguish DLB from other neurodegenerative diseases. This breakthrough opens new avenues for research and clinical practice aimed at early intervention and improved outcomes for individuals facing this challenging condition.