Australian Women Express Caution Towards AI in Breast Cancer Screening - New Insights

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into various aspects of healthcare, including innovative applications in breast cancer screening. Its ability to analyze mammograms with potentially greater accuracy than human radiologists has garnered significant attention, promising more efficient detection and cost savings for healthcare systems. However, the adoption of AI in this sensitive area remains complex, with ongoing evidence regarding its safety and effectiveness.

Recent research has explored Australian women's perspectives on the potential use of AI in breast cancer screening. The study surveyed 802 women, aiming to understand their attitudes towards the technology and the factors influencing their trust and willingness to participate in screening programs that incorporate AI.

In Australia, routine breast cancer screening involves double reading of mammograms by trained radiologists to maximize detection accuracy while minimizing unnecessary recalls. With a global shortage of radiologists and increasing resource demands, AI has been considered as a support tool, either assisting radiologists or functioning as a triage system to prioritize high-risk cases. Yet, consensus on optimal implementation strategies remains elusive.

The survey revealed mixed reactions among women. Approximately 40% were open to AI use if the technology proved to be more accurate than human radiologists. Conversely, 42% expressed strong opposition, and 18% harbored reservations. The key factors that could influence acceptance included AI accuracy, ownership (preferably Australian-based), representation of Australian women, privacy safeguards, and speed of results.

Importantly, about 22% of respondents indicated they might be less likely to participate in screening if AI made them feel uncomfortable, highlighting the importance of building community trust.

Globally, women tend to support AI's role in breast cancer screening, provided it is used to support rather than replace clinicians. For AI to be successfully integrated into screening programs, addressing community concerns regarding accuracy, ownership, privacy, and effectiveness is crucial. Failure to do so could negatively impact participation rates, which are notably low in Australia, with less than half of eligible women engaging in screening.

Policymakers need to ensure transparent communication and reliable information about AI to sustain trust and participation. Properly managed, AI offers promising potential to enhance early detection and treatment outcomes for breast cancer, but it must be implemented with careful consideration of social and ethical factors to maximize benefits and minimize risks.