Evaluating the Potential of AI in Health Professions Education: Strengths, Gaps, and Future Opportunities

Artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI (GenAI), is transforming health professions education by supporting various learning processes. A recent systematic review conducted by researchers at Monash University highlights both the benefits and challenges associated with integrating AI into medical training. The review analyzed 33 peer-reviewed studies across fields including medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary science, and pharmacy, exploring how GenAI is utilized in educational settings.

The findings reveal that AI tools are primarily employed to enhance practice-based learning (73%), inquiry (70%), knowledge production (67%), and content acquisition (55%). These areas indicate a shift towards personalized, self-directed learning modalities, which empower students to learn at their own pace. However, the review also pointed out that less focus is given to collaborative learning aspects such as discussion and teamwork, with only 12% of AI application dedicated to these skills. This trend raises concerns about whether AI use might inadvertently reduce peer interaction and group engagement.

The study underscores the potential of AI to foster active learning and critical thinking skills. For instance, innovative programs like ATLAS—an AI-driven simulation platform—are being leveraged to enhance real-world clinical skills and soft skills like communication, adaptability, and teamwork. Developed by Monash University, ATLAS aims to bridge traditional teaching with modern digital tools, especially in high-priority areas such as infectious diseases and antibiotic stewardship.

Despite promising advances, experts highlight significant gaps in understanding how to responsibly incorporate AI into educational practices. There is a need for developing tools that not only fill existing gaps—like teamwork and communication—but also ensure AI is used ethically and effectively. As AI continues to evolve, future research and development should focus on creating comprehensive frameworks that balance technological innovation with essential human skills.

The systematic review emphasizes the importance of guiding students and educators to harness AI's potential while safeguarding core human interactions. Programs like ATLAS exemplify how AI can be used to simulate realistic clinical scenarios, promote critical thinking, and improve soft skills, which are vital for competent healthcare professionals. As AI's role in education expands, ongoing efforts are necessary to ensure its integration aligns with the overarching goal of preparing well-rounded, empathetic, and adaptive health practitioners.