Understanding Myasthenia Gravis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Myasthenia gravis is a rare autoimmune disorder that impairs the communication between nerves and muscles, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the neuromuscular junction—the connection point where nerves transmit signals to muscles. This disruption hampers the transmission of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, essential for muscle contraction.

The condition affects between three and 12 individuals in every 100,000, and can manifest at any age, though it is more common in women aged 20 to 40 and men over 60. It is not inherited, but in rare cases, it can pass from mother to child during pregnancy, causing temporary symptoms in newborns.

Common symptoms include drooping eyelids (ptosis), blurred or double vision, facial muscle weakness, and difficulties with speech, swallowing, and breathing. Weakness in the arms and legs can hinder daily activities, and symptoms tend to worsen with activity and improve with rest. Cardiac changes such as arrhythmias may also be observed.

While the exact cause remains unclear, the thymus gland, involved in immune system development, is believed to play a role. Patients with myasthenia gravis often have abnormal thymus glands, and removal can sometimes lead to better health outcomes.

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms since there is currently no cure. Medications like pyridostigmine are used to boost communication between nerves and muscles. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants help reduce immune activity, and in severe cases, procedures like plasma exchange or the use of monoclonal antibodies are employed to decrease harmful antibodies.

Despite the complexity of the disease and associated treatment risks, advances in diagnosis and management enable many sufferers to lead active lives. Increased awareness, including testimonials from notable figures like Monica Seles, has contributed to better understanding and support for those affected.

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-08-myasthenia-gravis-affect.html