Surge in Nitrous Oxide-Related Deaths in the US Exceeds 500%, Study Reveals

A recent study highlights a alarming rise in deaths linked to nitrous oxide in the United States, with figures increasing by over 500% between 2010 and 2023. Researchers from the University of Mississippi and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign analyzed 14 years of CDC data, discovering that fatalities jumped from 23 in 2010 to 156 in 2023. Nitrous oxide, commonly known as "laughing gas" or "whippets," is traditionally used in medical settings and for food preparation. However, its recreational misuse has become increasingly prevalent, raising serious public health concerns.

The study, published in JAMA Network Open, points out that nitrous oxide is easily accessible, legal, and often perceived as harmless despite the potential for severe neurological damage, psychiatric symptoms, or death with frequent or high-volume use. The rise correlates with the proliferation of online sales and the appearance of flavored canisters marketed to attract young users, including minors. The researchers express concern about the widespread availability—both online and at gas stations—and its marketed appeal to children and teenagers.

Inhalation of nitrous oxide can cause a broad spectrum of health issues, including blood clots, frostbite, asphyxiation, heart palpitations, paralysis, hallucinations, and death. Long-term abuse may result in spinal cord and brain injury. The surge in misuse coincides with increased online sales and regulatory changes, such as the UK banning nitrous oxide in 2023. Researchers note that most users are young, with many eighth-graders reportedly experimenting with inhalants.

The authors emphasize the urgent need for enhanced public awareness, community interventions, and policy measures to monitor and prevent misuse. They also stress that despite its legal status, nitrous oxide is far from safe—especially for impressionable youth. Early, open conversations about its dangers could be pivotal in preventing further harm.

The study underscores a rapidly growing, overlooked public health issue that demands immediate action to safeguard vulnerable populations from the risks associated with recreational nitrous oxide use.